It is a group of people who follows a living leader, usually a dominant, paternal male figure, or occasionally a pair or a "family" of leaders. It is a group whose leader makes absolute claims about his character, abilities, and/or knowledge. A leader's claims may include any or all of the following:
It is a group in which membership is contingent on a complete and literal acceptance of the leader's claims to divinity, infallibility, etc., and acceptance of his teachings, doctrines, and dogma. It is a group in which membership is contingent on complete, unquestioning loyalty and allegiance to the leader.
It is a group in which membership is contingent on a complete and total willingness to obey the cult leader's commands without question.
It is then, a group that is, by definition, undemocratic, absolutist.
Here are quotes by Klemp and Twitchell from the Eckankar discourses published by Eckankar that support the criteria used above to identify a cult. The bolded and italicized words are my emphasis. Words in parenthesis have been added to explain and clairfy the words proceeding them.
One such location is the spiritual site of Bcero Corsa, a meeting place hidden in a remote part of the southeastern United States. The approaches to it are protected by thousands of vipers that infest the swamplands. No intruder is welcome, nor is the secret path to it ever revealed to an outsider. Each ECK Master in attendance is the best talent in his particular area of interest: Some are pilots, government workers, medical doctors, mathematicians, laborers.
The gatherings are usually attended in the Soul form, and Peddar Zaskq (Paul Twitchell) often chairs the meetings. All in attendance are finely versed in the Law of Economy and are leaders in their fields." The Eck Satsang Discourses, Fourth Series, Page 23, Harold Klemp, 1996
He (Klemp) is the ideal and the vanguard of the human race."
The Eck Satsang Discourses, Fourth Series, Page 24, Harold Klemp 1996
He punishes himself. The Mahanta has nothing to do with it; he is only the vehicle for the ECK, which steps in and begins to work out the destiny of the individual who has taken steps to create overt acts against the Master, or if he does any of the things as given above in the second and third paragraphs. Those who indulge in their whims and try to turn their unhappiness into complaints about the ECK Master or the Mahdis, soon find themselves in certain circumstances which only add to their troubles in life. The ECK ceases to operate in their lives, for one thing. This brings about a misery which few, if any understand; they seem to think that the responsibility lies outside themselves.
If ECK, as the vital spiritual force. ceases to function in that individual who has created heavy overt acts against the ECK, that individual becomes like a vegetable. This is a simile for one without vitality in his actions and deeds, whose thinking is dulled, and who is not mentally alert at all. In other words, he is like an inanimate element of life, a vegetable, a piece of mineral, a rock, or something with hardly any emotions or thinking ability left.
...This (vegetable state) also occurs if one should have the initiation in ECKANKAR and break off to join another group, regardless of whether it is a psychic, religious, or philosophical organization." The Eck Satsang Discourses, Third Series, Page 1 & 2, Paul Twitchell 1971, 1995
There are many more quotes which document the cult methods of Eckankar. Some of them can be viewed on Raphael's Recovery Room's Home Page under The Book Of Eckankar (tm) Threats.
Peace and growth,
Raphael.